Identical tests were not used.

"A 2022 report from United for Literacy showed that 49 per cent of the adult population in Canada scored below the literacy levels expected of high school students. Seventeen per cent reportedly scored at the lowest level. Despite increasing rates of literacy globally, Canadians don’t typically spend their leisure time reading, which eventually reduces their overall capability to comprehend complex writing."

https://u-channel.ca/how-much-do-canadians-read/#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20nearly%2052%20million,per%20cent%20of%20the%20market.

Photo credit to Unsplash

"In contrast U.S. adults nationwide are literate in 2024. 21% of adults in the US are illiterate in 2024. 54% of adults have a literacy below a 6th-grade level (20% are below 5th-grade level."

Currently serving and retired law enforcement officers contributed to "Luxury Secrets"

www.jonathanmccormick.com

Gustafsson was an established and wealthy family whose ancestors immigrated from Norway decades previously and built a financial empire from modest beginnings…the fortune acquired on the backs of Chinese laborers in the eighteen hundreds. Although long gone, their legacy for acquiring the finer things in life was inherited by their great granddaughter, Adriana, who simultaneously rejected the means by which they amassed their possessions.